バイタルサイン：妊娠中のアルコール曝露 ― アメリカ、2011～2013年

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ホーム IMICライブラリ MMWR抄訳 2016年（Vol.65)バイタルサイン：妊娠中のアルコール曝露 ― アメリ･･･

MMWR抄訳

2016/02/05Vol. 65 / No. 4

MMWR65(4):91－97
Vital Signs: Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies — United States, 2011–2013

バイタルサイン：妊娠中のアルコール曝露 ― アメリカ、2011～2013年

アルコールは催奇形物質であり、妊娠中のアルコール曝露(AEP)は胎児性アルコールスペクトラム障害(FASD)を引き起こすことがある。FASDは身体、行動、知能に一生続く障害がでるのが特徴であり、妊娠中にアルコールを摂取しなければ完全に予防できる。今回CDCは2011～2013年のNational Survey of Family Growthデータより、15～44歳の妊娠していない女性におけるAEPのリスクについて分析を行った。調査を行なった女性5,601名のうち、妊娠中、AEPリスクに関するデータが不完全、不妊症の女性を除外し、AEPリスクと考えられる項目[調査前4週間以内に男性と性交渉を行った、30日以内にアルコールを摂取した、1カ月間避妊していない]を満たしたのは7.3％であった。年齢別では25～29歳にてもっとも高く(10.4％)、15～20歳にてもっとも低かった(2.2％)。独身(2.3％)に比べ既婚(11.7％)、同棲中(13.6％)にて高く、出産経験(1人)のある女性(13.6％)では出産経験のない女性(5.8％)および2人以上の出産経験のある女性(6.0％)に比べ高かった。また、現喫煙女性(10.7％)は非喫煙女性(6.0％)に比べ高く、教育レベルとの相関も認められ、人種/民族による有意な相違は認めなかった。調査前30日以内のアルコール摂取率は、4週間以内に男性と性交渉を行っていない女性にて低く(50.7％)、性行為を行った女性[妊娠を希望する女性、希望しない女性(ともに避妊具の使用なし)および避妊具を使用した女性]では65.9～74.3％であった。妊娠を希望する女性は、避妊をやめた時点より禁酒とすべきであり、アルコールの摂取を禁じることによりFASDの発症を抑止しうると考える。

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