ワクチンによる季節性インフルエンザの予防とコントロール：Advisory Committee on Immunization Practicesの勧告 ― アメリカ、2025-2026年インフルエンザシーズン

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ホーム IMICライブラリ MMWR抄訳 2025年（Vol.74)ワクチンによる季節性インフルエンザの予防とコントロ･･･

MMWR抄訳

2025/08/28Vol. 74 / No. 32

MMWR74(32):500－507
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2025–26 Influenza Season

ワクチンによる季節性インフルエンザの予防とコントロール：Advisory Committee on Immunization Practicesの勧告 ― アメリカ、2025-2026年インフルエンザシーズン

今回の報告では、アメリカにおける季節性インフルエンザワクチンの使用に関するAdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP)の2024-2025年の勧告を更新する。ワクチン接種への禁忌がない生後6カ月以上のすべての人に対して、毎年の定期インフルエンザワクチン接種が推奨されている。2025-2026年インフルエンザシーズンには、三価不活化インフルエンザワクチン(IIV3)、三価組換え型インフルエンザワクチン(RIV3)、三価弱毒生インフルエンザワクチン(LAIV3)の複数の製剤が利用可能になる予定である。2025-2026年シーズンの改訂には、1)2025年～2026年のアメリカの季節性インフルエンザワクチンの抗原組成、2)FDAによるFluMist(LAIV3)の自己投与または介護者による投与の承認、3)FDAによるFlublok(RIV3)の年齢適応を18歳以上から9歳以上に変更する承認、4)18歳以下の小児、妊婦、すべての成人に対し、防腐剤としてチメロサールを含まない単回投与製剤の季節性インフルエンザワクチンのみを接種する、というACIPの新しい勧告が含まれている。アメリカおよび世界のインフルエンザ監視データのレビューに基づき、2025-2026年シーズンにアメリカで使用可能なすべてのインフルエンザワクチンは、1)インフルエンザA/Victoria/4897/2022(H1N1)pdm09-likeウイルス(卵ベースのワクチンの場合)またはインフルエンザA/Wisconsin/67/2022(H1N1)pdm09-likeウイルス(細胞培養ベースおよび組み換えワクチンの場合)、2)インフルエンザA/Croatia/10136RV/2023(H3N2)-likeウイルス(卵ベースのワクチンの場合)またはインフルエンザA/District of Columbia/27/2023(H3N2)-likeウイルス(細胞培養ベースおよび組み換えワクチンの場合)、3)インフルエンザB/Austria/1359417/2021(Victoria系統)-likeウイルスに由来するヘマグルチニンを含む三価ワクチンとなる。この構成は、2024-2025年インフルエンザシーズンのワクチンに含まれる成分と比較して、インフルエンザA(H3N2)成分が更新されたことを反映している。2024年9月に、FDAは鼻腔スプレー型生弱毒化インフルエンザワクチンFluMistを、自己投与(18歳から49歳までの接種者)または18歳以上の介護者による投与(2歳から17歳までの小児および青少年が対象)として承認した。自己投与または介護者による投与は、消費者がワクチン注文の資格を判断するための情報を提供するFluMist Homeプログラムを通じて、2025-2026年シーズン中に利用可能になる見込みである。また、2025年3月に、FDAはこれまで18歳以上のみに承認されていたFlublokの承認を、9歳から17歳までの小児および青少年に拡大した。Flublokの新しい適応年齢は9歳以上である。今回の報告で議論されているものを含む勧告の包括的な要約、および今回の報告で取り上げられず、2025-2026年シーズンに変更がないトピックに関する以前の勧告はInfluenza | ACIP Recommendations for Vaccinationのウェブサイトで、追加のバックグラウンド情報もPrevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccinesのウェブサイトで利用可能である。

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