
ホームIMICライブラリMMWR抄訳2015年(Vol.64)バイタルサイン:非喫煙者の副流煙への曝露の格差 ―・・・
MMWR抄訳
2015/02/06Vol. 64 / No. 4
MMWR64(4):103-108
Vital Signs: Disparities in Nonsmokers’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke — United States, 1999–2012
バイタルサイン:非喫煙者の副流煙への曝露の格差 ― アメリカ、1999~2012年
煙草からの副流煙(SHS)への曝露は、乳幼児や小児での乳幼児突然死症候群、呼吸感染症、耳感染、喘息発作、および非喫煙者の成人での冠動脈性心疾患、脳卒中、肺癌の原因となる。今回、1999~2012年のNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)のデータを使用し、3歳以上の非喫煙者間のSHS曝露を調査した。NHANESでは2年サイクルで3歳以上の参加者を対象に家庭訪問での面接、移動検査センターでの身体検査、臨床検査が実施され、面接の回答率は72.6~84.0%、検査の反応率は69.5~80.0%であった。SHSの曝露は血清中のコチニン値(ニコチン代謝物)を測定し、コチニン値:0.05~10ng/mLの3歳以上の非喫煙者の占める割合を、参加者の特性により層別化して解析した。アメリカの3歳以上の血清コチニン値:0.05~10ng/mLの非喫煙者の占める割合は、1999~2000年では52.5%であったが、2011~2012年では25.3%に減少し、変化率は51.8%であった。血清コチニン値:0.05~10ng/mLの非喫煙者の占める割合は、年齢別では3~11歳:40.6%(変化率37.4%)で、12~19歳:33.8%(変化率46.4%)、20歳以上:21.3%(変化率55.6%)、人種/民族では非ヒスパニック系黒人:46.8%(変化率36.6%)、メキシコ系アメリカ人:23.9%(変化率46.0%)、非ヒスパニック系白人:21.8%(変化率56.2%)の順に多かった。同じ期間では、SHSへの曝露は法定貧困レベル未満(43.2%)、グレード11以下の教育(27.6%)、借家のグループ(36.8%)で他のグル―プよりも増加した。3~11歳の小児では、SHSの曝露は非ヒスパニック系黒人では67.9%であったのに対し、非ヒスパニック系白人およびメキシコ系アメリカ人では各37.2%および29.9%であった。全体で、SHSへの曝露は減少しているが、小児、非ヒスパニック系黒人、貧困、借家で暮らす人々の間では依然として曝露は高率であることが示された。非喫煙者を予防可能な健康被害から保護するために、職場および公共の場での喫煙を禁止する包括的な州全体にわたる法律、集合住宅での禁煙、自発的な禁煙の自宅、車両規則を実行する継続的な努力が重要である。
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