バイタルサイン：児童における果物と野菜の摂取 ― アメリカ、2003～2010年

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ホーム IMICライブラリ MMWR抄訳 2014年（Vol.63)バイタルサイン：児童における果物と野菜の摂取 ― ･･･

MMWR抄訳

2014/08/08Vol. 63 / No. 31

MMWR63(31):671－676
Vital Signs: Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Children — United States, 2003–2010

バイタルサイン：児童における果物と野菜の摂取 ― アメリカ、2003～2010年

果物や野菜を食べることは、重要な栄養素の摂取、体重管理、重篤な疾患リスクの減少などに役立つ。アメリカ農務省の食事ガイドラインでは、果物はジュースよりはなるべく丸ごと摂取し、ジュースの場合は100％のものにするべきとしており、濃緑色・橙色・赤色の野菜(ブロッコリー、ホウレンソウ、ニンジン、カボチャ、トマト、赤トウガラシなど)および豆類を摂るよう推奨している。CDCは、2003～2010年のNational Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveysより、2～18歳の児童(計14,865名)における1日の果物と野菜の摂取量を1,000カロリーあたりのカップ当量(CEPC )に換算して調査した。1カップ当量は小さなリンゴ1個、アップルソース1カップ、100％ジュース1カップまたはベビーキャロット12個に相当し、Healthy People 2020 では、2020年の目標値として果物は0.9 CEPC (2001～2004年:0.5 CEPC)、野菜は1.1 CEPC(2001～2004年：0.8)としている。2003～2004年における児童の果物の摂取量は0.55 CEPCであり、年間0.015 CEPC(3％)増加し、2009～2010年は0.62 CEPCと有意に増加した。未加工の果物の摂取量は0.24 CEPCから0.40 CEPCと有意に増加したのに対し、フルーツジュースでは0.31 CEPCから0.22 CEPCへ減少した。果物全体では男児、6～11歳、世帯収入130％から349％未満、肥満児において有意に増加、また、未加工の果物の摂取は全ての社会人口統計学的グループにて増加していた。野菜の摂取量には大きな変化は認められず、2003～2004年：0.54 CEPC、2009～2010年：0.53 CEPCとほぼ横ばいであり、全期間中にてジャガイモが野菜摂取量の約30％を占め、主にフライドポテトやポテトチップスなど健康によくない食べ方で摂取していた。年齢別では2～5歳にて果物、12～18歳では野菜の摂取量が多く、男女別では女児にて野菜の摂取量が多く、また、メキシコ系アメリカ人は非ヒスパニック系に比べ野菜の摂取量が多かった。果物、野菜ともにHealthy People 2020の目標値に達しているのは2～5歳児の果物摂取量のみであり、摂取量および摂取方法を改善する必要性が示唆される。

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