CDC Grand Rounds：公衆衛生の緊急事態時の小児に対する防災対策

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ホーム IMICライブラリ MMWR抄訳 2015年（Vol.64)CDC Grand Rounds：公衆衛生の緊急事･･･

MMWR抄訳

2015/09/11Vol. 64 / No. 35

MMWR64(35):972－974
CDC Grand Rounds: Addressing Preparedness Challenges for Children in Public Health Emergencies

CDC Grand Rounds：公衆衛生の緊急事態時の小児に対する防災対策

最近の公衆衛生の緊急事態(2005年のハリケーン・カトリーナ、2009年のH1N1亜型インフルエンザ流行、2014～2015年の西アフリカにおけるエボラウイルス病アウトブレイクなど)により、複数レベルの緊急事態の対策と対応の重要性が示され、地域ベースの公衆衛生従事者、地区の公衆衛生医療連合、州および地方の保健省および連邦機関イニシアティブの連携と協力の必要性が示唆されている。また、人口の23％を占める小児には独特のニーズがあり、特別な計画戦略が要求される。H1N1パンデミックでは感染率、致死率が高く、1986年のチェルノブイリ事故では甲状腺癌の発症、2011年の東日本大震災における福島原発事故の際は精神的な影響や発癌、さらに9/11のテロでは不安やうつ症状の増加や呼吸器疾患の増加など、小児は災害による健康被害に対し脆弱である。地域および地区の公衆衛生では、小児科医による医薬品の供給と長期的なモニタリングのほか、小児およびその家族に対する精神的なサポートを行う。電子カルテを利用した他の地域との連携も重要である。州および地方の公衆衛生連合では、災害時における小児の医学的、公衆衛生的ニーズを把握し、小児の治療施設および治療システムの整備とその対応を行う。連邦機関(Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response：ASPR、Children’s Health and Human Services Interagency Leadership on Disasters：CHILDなど)は、災害時における対応をサポートし、対応策を統括するなど、小児科医、地方自治体および連邦政府が連携した防災対策が重要である。

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